A scientist who studies fossils is called a paleontologist. Paleontologists examine the remains of ancient organisms to understand Earth's biological history and the evolution of life. They often conduct fieldwork, extracting fossils from sedimentary rock layers, and analyzing them to gather information about past ecosystems, climate changes, and the organisms themselves. By studying fossilized bones, footprints, and even preserved plant life, paleontologists contribute valuable insights into how life has changed over millions of years, providing a window into the distant past that helps inform our understanding of current biodiversity.