A baby horse is called a foal. Foals are usually born after a gestation period of about 11 months, and they are capable of standing and walking shortly after birth. A foal typically stays with its mother, known as a mare, for the first few months of its life, learning essential social and survival skills. As they grow, foals develop into yearlings and eventually into mature horses. Additionally, male foals are called colts, while female foals are referred to as fillies, further distinguishing their growth stages.