The UPSC exam's focus encompasses a range of societal issues, including governance, human rights, and environmental sustainability. Candidates must analyze topics related to social justice, inequality, and public welfare initiatives. Understanding the interactions between various societal factors and government policy is vital for developing informed perspectives. Additionally, aspirants should examine contemporary issues like migration, healthcare, and education to prepare for questions that reflect current challenges faced by society. This comprehensive perspective equips candidates for effective decision-making in public administration.