To understand Indian social issues for UPSC, methodologies such as multidisciplinary analysis and qualitative research should be applied. Candidates can utilize tools like case studies, surveys, and interviews to gather firsthand insights. Engaging with existing literature in sociology and studying government reports can provide a theoretical framework. Participating in community service or fieldwork offers practical exposure to social challenges. Additionally, following debates and current events surrounding social issues through media and discussions will enhance comprehension and help in forming well-rounded perspectives.