The relevance of ancient political systems in the UPSC syllabus lies in their contribution to understanding contemporary governance. Concepts like democracy, statecraft, and administration have evolved from ancient practices, shaping modern political thought. Studying these systems allows candidates to appreciate the historical context of policy-making and governance structures. It also facilitates comparisons between past and present systems, enriching discussions on constitutional law and governmental effectiveness. Furthermore, insights from ancient civilizations help aspirants grasp the complexity of modern political issues.