The format of the UPSC Mains exam consists of nine papers, out of which seven are compulsory and two are optional. The compulsory papers include: essays, general studies, Indian language, and English. Candidates can choose among various optional subjects as per their interests and expertise, allowing for personalized study paths. The evaluation focuses on both content knowledge and analytical skills, with the answers expected in a descriptive format. This comprehensive approach assesses candidates' preparedness for real-world administrative responsibilities in civil services.