Potential career paths available after succeeding in the UPSC exam include various roles within the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), and Indian Foreign Service (IFS). Successful candidates can also work in specialized roles within various departments like revenue, urban planning, and social justice. Opportunities extend to positions in central and state ministries, public sector undertakings, and even advisory roles in think tanks. Additionally, those with UPSC backgrounds can venture into academia, providing guidance and contributing to policy research or public administration-related fields.