Characteristics of effective curriculum design include relevance, flexibility, coherence, and inclusivity. A relevant curriculum connects learning to real-world contexts and student interests, enhancing engagement and motivation. Flexibility allows for adaptation to different learning needs and paces, accommodating diverse student populations. Coherence ensures that the curriculum is logically structured, facilitating progression in knowledge and skills. Inclusivity embraces diverse cultural perspectives and supports all learners, fostering an equitable environment. Together, these characteristics contribute to a rigorous and meaningful educational experience that prepares students for future challenges.