The UPSC assesses candidates' general studies knowledge through multiple-choice questions and descriptive tests tailored to evaluate understanding across core subjects. The examination covers a broad range of topics including Indian Polity, Economics, Geography, and History, as well as current affairs and international relations. Candidates must demonstrate not only factual knowledge but also their capacity for critical analysis and application of concepts to real-world scenarios. This ensures that selected officers possess a strong foundation in multifaceted issues relevant to governance and development.