Case studies are instrumental in the ethics paper of the UPSC examination as they present real-world scenarios that require candidates to demonstrate their understanding of ethical principles and decision-making processes. These scenarios often involve dilemmas that civil servants may face in their careers. Candidates must analyze the situation critically, applying ethical frameworks and personal values. By effectively addressing the case studies, aspirants can showcase their ability to think critically, exhibit empathy, and make informed decisions, which are crucial skills for future bureaucrats. Therefore, mastering case studies can significantly enhance their performance in the ethics segment of the exam.