The first black woman to win an Oscar was Hattie McDaniel. She received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1940 for her role as Mammy in "Gone with the Wind." McDaniel’s achievement was historic, as it marked a significant moment for both the film industry and the representation of African Americans in Hollywood. Despite the racial discrimination of her time, her talent and perseverance paved the way for future generations of actors and actresses of color in film.