Stephen Hawking is recognized for his contributions to theoretical physics, particularly in the context of black holes. His groundbreaking work in cosmology led to the formulation of the Hawking radiation theory, which suggests that black holes can emit radiation and possibly evaporate over time. Hawking's best-selling book, "A Brief History of Time," made complex scientific concepts accessible to the public, encouraging interest in the universe's mysteries. His insights into the nature of space, time, and the cosmos have left an indelible mark on modern physics and continue to inspire future generations.