Walt Whitman focused on civic engagement through literature and public speaking, using his poetry as a medium to advocate for democracy and human rights. His groundbreaking work, particularly "Leaves of Grass," reflects his commitment to social justice and the importance of individual voices in shaping society. Whitman's writings often addressed themes of diversity, unity, and the human experience, encouraging active participation and engagement in the societal discourse of his time. His contributions continue to influence the relationship between literature and civic responsibility.