James J. Gibson contributed to fundamental shifts in ecological psychology by introducing the concept of affordances, which changed the understanding of perception and action. His work focused on how environments shape human behavior and interactions. By emphasizing the role of perception in real-world contexts, Gibson offered insights into how organisms adapt to their surroundings. His research laid the groundwork for further developments in psychology, human-computer interaction, and environmental design, influencing various fields by promoting a more comprehensive view of psychological processes.