The influential civil rights leader who wrote "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" is Malcolm X himself, with the help of journalist Alex Haley. The book details Malcolm's transformation from a troubled youth into a prominent advocate for Black empowerment and civil rights. It captures his experiences with racism, his time in prison, and his conversion to Islam, reflecting on identity and social justice. The autobiography not only deeply influenced the civil rights movement but also became a crucial text in understanding the complexities of race relations in America, showcasing Malcolm's evolving views on integration and self-determination.