Franz Boas is the historical figure recognized for significant contributions to both anthropology and sociology. Often referred to as the "Father of American Anthropology," Boas challenged prevailing notions of racial superiority and cultural determinism. He emphasized the importance of cultural relativism and conducted extensive ethnographic studies, particularly among Indigenous peoples. His influence extended to the development of modern techniques in fieldwork and the analysis of social structures. Boas' commitment to understanding the intricacies of human culture has had a lasting impact on the social sciences.