The artist famous for his painting "The Creation of Adam" on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is Michelangelo Buonarroti. This iconic fresco, completed in the early 16th century as part of the Sistine Chapel's decoration, depicts the biblical moment when God gives life to Adam. Michelangelo's mastery of human anatomy and his ability to convey emotion in his figures have made this work a hallmark of Renaissance art. His contributions to the chapel and sculpture have left an enduring impact on Western art.