The pivotal historical figure who experienced exile after leading significant social change is Nelson Mandela. His fight against apartheid in South Africa led to his imprisonment for 27 years, during which he became a global symbol of resistance. After his release in 1990, Mandela played a crucial role in transitioning South Africa towards multiracial democracy. His leadership and commitment to peace and reconciliation helped dismantle the systemic inequalities of apartheid, making him an enduring figure in the struggle for human rights worldwide.