Sir Isaac Newton made significant contributions to physics and mathematics, most notably through his formulation of the laws of motion and universal gravitation. His work in calculus provided essential tools for further mathematical analysis, enabling advancements across various scientific disciplines. Newton's influential book, "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica," established foundational principles that shaped modern physics, including the concept of force and mass. His pioneering ideas revolutionized the scientific understanding of the natural world and laid the groundwork for future scientific inquiry.