The historical figure who played a significant role in the French Revolution was Maximilien Robespierre. As a key leader of the Reign of Terror, Robespierre advocated for radical changes and the establishment of a republic, influencing the course of the revolution significantly. His policies aimed to eliminate perceived enemies of the revolution and promote equality, but they also led to widespread violence and fear. Ultimately, Robespierre's fall from power marked the end of the Reign of Terror and highlighted the complexities of revolutionary change in France.