The American inventor best known for inventing the light bulb is Thomas Edison. Edison's development of a practical and long-lasting incandescent light bulb revolutionized indoor lighting and had a profound impact on society. His innovations extended beyond the light bulb; he established the first industrial research lab and pioneered motion picture technology. Edison's entrepreneurial spirit and commitment to innovation led to over a thousand patents. His contributions significantly shaped the modern technological landscape, earning him the reputation as one of history's greatest inventors.