Karl Marx's philosophies stemmed from his life experiences, particularly his observations of capitalism in 19th-century Europe. His background in a middle-class family and education in law and philosophy allowed him a unique perspective on the working class. Experiencing political exile and personal hardship profoundly influenced his understanding of class struggle and alienation. Moreover, his collaboration with Friedrich Engels and involvement with various socialist movements fueled his critique of economic systems. These experiences culminated in his advocacy for a proletarian revolution as a means to achieve social justice through the dismantling of oppressive structures.